Sometimes, anime gets treated like a monolith whose only reference point is itself. The reality is more complex. Especially back then, this was a world of dueling creative processes and ideals — where many artists were, like Dezaki, trying to climb the “high wall” of their own outside influences. As Miyazaki once said:
I entered into this industry because I saw works in the 1950s, such as Cross-Eyed Tyrant or Snow Queen. I thought maybe I could manage (to reach the level of) [Panda and the Magic Serpent] but anyway, I thought they were far above, in terms of what they tried to do, and what they accomplished. We were, in short, at the level of “Toei kids’ stuff.” The gap between our level and the works we were inspired by was too big. We thought how could we climb up there, or even if we couldn’t, let’s remove the stones around us. So, there were many things we had to do.